Doping Trafficking

The supply, distribution or attempted distribution of a prohibited performance-enhancing substance or method to an athlete, treated under anti-doping codes as a distinct violation separate from an athlete's own use of a banned substance; the United States Anti-Doping Agency's results-management framework lists trafficking or attempted trafficking of any prohibited substance or method among the anti-doping rule violations it can pursue. Historical cases illustrate the supply side of doping: two club doctors for East Germany's Dynamo Berlin were convicted of administering hormones to nineteen teenage athletes, including underage girls, between 1975 and 1984 as part of the state's systematic doping program, and a manager for Inter Milan in the 1960s was alleged to have distributed amphetamines to players, at times dissolving the pills in coffee to ensure they were consumed.