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State Cyber Operations and Espionage

State cyber operations and espionage covers the use of computer networks to spy on, attack or terrorize a state or its people. Espionage is the crime of secretly obtaining or transmitting information without authorization to benefit a foreign power, and under 18 U.S.C. section 794 communicating national defense information to a foreign government or its agents is a federal offense. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency says nation-state actors and the entities they sponsor pose an elevated threat to national security, and names advanced persistent threat activity by China, Iran, North Korea and Russia, including infiltration of critical infrastructure networks.

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State Cyber Operations and Espionage
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Sources
Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School: espionage
Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law SchoolWex definition
Quote, Wex definition
Espionage is the crime of secretly obtaining or transmitting information without authorization for the purpose of benefiting a foreign power, organization, or entity
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Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency: Nation-State Cyber Actors
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security AgencyOverview
Quote, Overview
Nation-state actors and nation-states sponsored entities pose an elevated threat to our national security.
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Cyberterrorism (Wikipedia)
Has Member: Cyberterrorism, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Member: Cyberterrorism, Lead sentence
Cyberterrorism is the use of the Internet to conduct violent acts that result in, or threaten, the loss of life or significant bodily harm, in order to achieve political or ideological gains through threat or intimidation.
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Cyberwarfare (Wikipedia)
Has Member: Cyberwarfare, Lead sentence
Quote, Has Member: Cyberwarfare, Lead sentence
Cyberwarfare is the use of cyberattacks against an enemy state, causing comparable harm to traditional warfare.
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Cyber Espionage (Wikipedia)
WikipediaHas Member: Cyber Espionage, Lead paragraph, Cyber espionage
Quote, Has Member: Cyber Espionage, Lead paragraph, Cyber espionage
Cyber espionage, cyber spying, or cyber-collection is the act or practice of obtaining secrets and information without the permission and knowledge of the holder of the information using methods on the Internet, networks or individual computers through the use of proxy servers, cracking techniques and malicious software including Trojan horses and spyware.
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