All Antitrust, Competition and Market Restraint Offenses

Offenses under a jurisdiction's antitrust or competition law that unlawfully restrain trade or eliminate competition between businesses, distinguished from securities and market-manipulation fraud in that the harm runs to competitors and the competitive process itself rather than to investors trading a security. This group gathers cartel formation and price fixing among competitors, bid rigging in a competitive tender, monopolization and the unlawful maintenance of monopoly power, and predatory pricing used to drive a rival out of a market before recouping the loss through later monopoly pricing. It excludes market manipulation carried out through a securities exchange or trading venue itself, which belongs under Securities, Investment and Market Manipulation Fraud, even though both traditions concern unlawful interference with a properly functioning market.