Offenses that target a bank or other financial institution directly, or that move criminal proceeds through the banking and payments system to disguise their origin. This group gathers fraud committed against a bank's own lending and deposit functions, including bank fraud, check and cheque kiting, credit card fraud and customs and trade-document fraud used to move funds across a border, and the layered process of money laundering itself, including structuring transactions to evade reporting thresholds, money muling, gold laundering, trade-based money laundering and missing-trader value-added-tax fraud. It excludes an investment or trading scheme aimed at a market rather than at a financial institution's own operations, which belongs under Securities, Investment and Market Manipulation Fraud, and excludes bribery of a bank official specifically to secure a favor, which belongs under Public Corruption and Bribery.