A civil conspiracy is a form of conspiracy involving an agreement between two or more parties to deprive a third party of their legal rights, or to deceive a third party in pursuit of an illegal objective. As a form of collusion, it can describe any group of people who agree to act together, with each member becoming the agent or partner of every other member, in planning or carrying out some act. Establishing a civil conspiracy does not require that every conspirator take part in every stage of planning; it requires only a voluntary agreement and at least one overt act taken by a member of the group in furtherance of the plan. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Typical PenaltyThe federal Sherman Antitrust Act provides both civil and criminal penalties 1 Elements of OffenseAn agreement between two or more natural persons to break the law at some time in the future or to achieve a lawful aim by unlawful means 1 Classification
Offense GradeMinor or Summary Offense 1 Connections
Has Offense Grade
Entity-backed identity for the offense-grade enum value this offense already carries, resolved to a crime concept by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The offense-grade fact itself stays on the offense unchanged.
Sources
1. Civil conspiracy (Wikipedia)
Article body, sentence beginning In tort law the legal elements
In tort law the legal elements necessary to establish a civil conspiracy are substantially the same as for establishing a criminal conspiracy, i.e. there is an agreement between two or more natural persons to break the law at some time in the future or to achieve a lawful aim by unlawful means.
In United States business litigation section
The federal Sherman Antitrust Act provides both civil and criminal penalties.
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