Electoral Fraud and Corruption

Offenses that corrupt the process or outcome of an election specifically, distinguished from public corruption generally by their target: the vote itself, its counting, or a voter's own free choice, rather than an official's ordinary exercise of governmental power. This group gathers direct manipulation of ballots and vote counts, such as electoral fraud and ballot stuffing; corruption of an individual voter's own choice, such as vote buying and voter intimidation; broader suppression of turnout among a targeted group of voters; corrupt practices as defined under election law specifically, including treating and undue influence; and a foreign government's attempt to shape another country's election outcome. It excludes ordinary bribery or official misconduct with no specific electoral target, which belongs under Public Corruption and Bribery.