A theory introduced in 1982 by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling holding that visible signs of disorder and low-level crime create an environment that encourages further crime, including serious offenses. Later research found the relationship between disorder and serious crime modest and largely attributable to underlying social and economic factors rather than physical disorder itself. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Core ClaimSourced to the subject's own accountVisible disorder, such as broken windows left unrepaired, signals an absence of social control and encourages further disorder and crime. 1 Origin YearSourced to the subject's own account Standing CritiqueSourced to the subject's own accountLater research found the link between visible disorder and serious crime modest, and largely explained by underlying social and economic conditions rather than physical disorder itself. 1 Connections
Associated With
Community policing and broken windows policing are frequently paired in policing-strategy literature as complementary order-maintenance approaches.
Source Wikipedia: Community Policing
Source Wikipedia: Broken Windows Theory
Source Wikipedia: Broken Windows Theory
Implemented broken windows theory as order-maintenance policing during his first NYPD tenure (1994-1996) under Mayor Rudolph Giuliani; not one of the theory's original academic authors.
Source Wikipedia: William Bratton
Developed By
Source Wikipedia: George L. Kelling
Source Wikipedia: Broken Windows Theory
Used In
NYPD Commissioner William Bratton's 1990s enforcement program applying broken windows theory to low-level disorder offenses.
Source Wikipedia: New York City Police Department
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Broken Windows Theory
Lead section
Visible signs of crime, antisocial behavior and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder.
- Developed By: James Q. Wilson
Associated With: Vandalism, Broken windows policing / Bratton era section
Bratton directed beat officers to more strictly enforce laws against petty offenses like subway fare evasion, public drinking, public urination, and graffiti.
Associated With: Fare Evasion, Broken windows policing / Bratton era section
Bratton directed beat officers to more strictly enforce laws against petty offenses like subway fare evasion, public drinking, public urination, and graffiti.
In Group: Opportunity, Environmental and Situational Prevention Theories, Lead
visible signs of crime, antisocial behavior and civil disorder create an urban environment that encourages further crime and disorder
View the SourceWikipedia: Community Policing
Wikipedia: William Bratton
Associated With: William Bratton, New York City, first tenure sectionQuote, Associated With: William Bratton, New York City, first tenure section
He cooperated with Giuliani in putting the controversial broken windows theory into practice
Wikipedia: George L. Kelling
Developed By: George L. Kelling, Biography sectionQuote, Developed By: George L. Kelling, Biography section
The author of numerous articles, he developed the broken windows theory with James Q. Wilson and Kelling's wife, Catherine M. Coles
Wikipedia: New York City Police Department
WikipediaUsed In: New York City Police Department, Broken windows policing / Bratton era sectionQuote, Used In: New York City Police Department, Broken windows policing / Bratton era section
Bratton directed beat officers to more strictly enforce laws against petty offenses like subway fare evasion, public drinking, public urination, and graffiti.
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