The founding school of criminology, holding that people act on free, rational choice, so punishment should be certain, prompt and proportionate to the offense, functioning as a deterrent rather than as retribution. Founded by Cesare Beccaria and developed alongside Jeremy Benthams utilitarian penal design. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Core ClaimSourced to the subject's own accountPunishment should be proportionate to the crime and applied consistently, deterring crime through rational calculation rather than through severity or cruelty. 1 Origin YearSourced to the subject's own account Standing CritiqueThe positivist school criticized the classical assumption that all offenders act as equally free and rational calculators, arguing that biological, psychological and social differences between individuals shape criminal behavior. 2 Connections
Developed By
Source Wikipedia: Cesare Beccaria
Source Wikipedia: Jeremy Bentham
Held Differently
Durkheim's anomie concept responds to the Classical School's assumption of rational, uniformly deterred actors by locating crime causation in social structure rather than individual calculation.
Source Wikipedia: Emile Durkheim
Informed
Deterrence theory was developed by the classical school of Beccaria and Bentham.
Source Wikipedia: Deterrence (Penology)
Rational choice theory revived the classical school emphasis on rational calculation within a modern criminological framework.
Source Siegel, Criminology: The CoreLarry J. Siegel
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Cesare Beccaria
Lead section
Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.
- Developed By: Cesare Beccaria
In Group: Classical School and Rational Choice, Lead sentence
Cesare Beccaria Bonesana, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare bekkaˈriːa, ˈtʃɛː-]; 15 March 1738-28 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist, and politician. He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology.
View the Source2. Siegel, Criminology: The Core
Larry J. Siegel, Cengage Learning
Wikipedia: Jeremy Bentham
Wikipedia: Deterrence (Penology)
Wikipedia: Emile Durkheim
Reader Challenges (0)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.
Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.