Theorists who argue that crime and its definition in law cannot be understood apart from conflict over power, class and economic structure: conflict theory holds that the content of criminal law reflects the interests of dominant groups rather than a shared moral consensus, Marxist and radical criminology trace how capitalist economic structure shapes both criminal behavior and the state's punitive response to it, and left realism, developed as a practical corrective from within this same tradition, insists that crime is a genuinely serious problem for working class communities requiring practical solutions rather than being dismissed as a construct of the powerful. This group also gathers critical criminology's own extensions into cultural criminology, green and ecological criminology, southern and decolonial criminology and peacemaking criminology, all of which share the tradition's core claim that mainstream criminology has too often taken the state's own definition of crime for granted. It excludes feminist criminology, a related but separately organized critical tradition centered specifically on gender, which belongs under Feminist Criminology.