Scottish naval officer and penal reformer who devised the mark system of graduated release while superintendent of the Norfolk Island penal settlement, earning him lasting recognition as the father of parole.
Facts
Birth YearSourced to the subject's own account Death YearSourced to the subject's own account BirthplaceSourced to the subject's own account NationalitySourced to the subject's own account Defining ContributionSourced to the subject's own accountDevised the mark system at Norfolk Island beginning March 1840, awarding convicts marks for effort and thrift and letting them earn graduated stages of responsibility toward release, the direct ancestor of modern parole. 1 Notable WorkSourced to the subject's own accountSecondary Punishment: The Mark System (1848); The Principles of Punishment (1850) 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Alexander Maconochie
Penal reformer sectionQuote, Penal reformer section
Convicts were awarded 'marks' to encourage effort and thrift. Sentences were served in stages, each increasing in responsibility.
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