All Critical, Feminist and Left Realist Criminology

Schools of criminology that read crime and its control through social inequality and power, including the Marxist critical tradition associated with Richard Quinney, feminist criminology associated with Meda Chesney-Lind, and the British left realist school. A theory belongs here when its cited source describes it as arising from a critique of how class, gender or state power shape the definition and policing of crime. These schools share an emphasis on structural conditions rather than individual pathology, and they differ in whether they place class, gender or the lived experience of working-class victims at the center of the explanation.