Fraud Law: General Doctrine and Historical Deception Offenses

Broad legal-doctrine and umbrella entries that describe the law of fraud, deception and financial crime as a general category, or that name a now-repealed or narrowly historical statutory deception offense, rather than a single specific fraud scheme with its own distinctive method. This group gathers fraud and financial crime as general umbrella concepts; wire fraud and mail fraud, offenses defined by the communications method used to further any underlying scheme rather than by the scheme's own type; the general common-law and statutory offense of cheating and the closely related concept of deception in English, Welsh, Irish and Northern Irish criminal law; and the specific former English and Northern Irish deception offenses the Fraud Act 2006 later replaced with a single general fraud offense, including obtaining property, obtaining services, obtaining a money transfer, obtaining a pecuniary advantage and evading a liability by deception. This group exists because a legal system's own doctrinal architecture, and the history of how it consolidated many narrow deception offenses into fewer general ones, is itself a genuine part of how this subcategory's membership is organized, not a residual bucket for members that resisted classification elsewhere.