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Offense

Click Fraud

Cyber and Technology-Enabled Offenses

Click fraud is a form of internet advertising fraud that occurs in pay-per-click systems, in which a person, automated script, computer program or auto clicker imitates a legitimate user clicking on an advertisement with no genuine interest in it, inflating the revenue owed to whoever hosts the ad. The practice creates a conflict of interest because advertising networks, which profit from fraudulent clicks alongside publishers, act as both intermediaries and interested parties, and it has produced significant litigation, including a 2005 Yahoo settlement covering legal fees and advertiser claims and a 2006 Google settlement of 90 million dollars in a class action lawsuit known as Lane's Gifts. Individual prosecutions have followed as well, including the 2006 arrest of a man over an attempted extortion tied to click fraud software, later dropped, and the extradition and conviction on a misdemeanor of a man tied to a 140,000 computer botnet used to commit the fraud.

Facts
Classification Code
US prosecutors have charged click fraud schemes under general federal fraud and computer-crime statutes rather than a dedicated click fraud offense; the indictment against Fabio Gasperini included one count of wire fraud. 1
Typical Penalty
In the one documented click fraud case to reach sentencing, Fabio Gasperini pleaded to a single misdemeanor count and was sentenced to the statutory maximum of one year imprisonment, a 100,000 dollar fine, and one year of supervised release. 1
Elements of Offense
One documented method of committing click fraud is operating a botnet of infected computers to generate fraudulent ad clicks at scale; the botnet Fabio Gasperini used for this purpose comprised over 140,000 computers worldwide. 1
Notable Example
Michael Anthony Bradley was arrested in 2006 in connection with click fraud software he had created, but the charges against him were dropped without explanation on November 22, 2006. 1
Classification
Offense Grade
Minor or Summary Offense 1
Connections

Has Offense Grade

Entity-backed identity for the offense-grade enum value this offense already carries, resolved to a crime concept by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The offense-grade fact itself stays on the offense unchanged.

Sources
1. Click Fraud (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia
  • Lead section, Click fraud
    Click fraud is a type of ad fraud that occurs on the Internet in pay-per-click (PPC) online advertising.
  • Legal cases section, Fabio Gasperini subsection, botnet operation
    a botnet of over 140,000 computers around the world
  • Legal cases section, Fabio Gasperini subsection, indictment charges
    one count of wire fraud
  • Legal cases section, Fabio Gasperini subsection, sentencing
    Sentenced to the statutory maximum of one year imprisonment, a $100,000 fine, and one year of supervised release
  • Legal cases section, Michael Anthony Bradley subsection
    Charges were dropped without explanation on November 22, 2006
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