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Offense

Squatting

Property Offenses Without Violence

The occupation of unoccupied or abandoned land or a building by a person with no legal right to be there, without the owner's permission. Legal treatment varies significantly between jurisdictions and over time: many countries have historically treated squatting primarily as a civil trespass matter resolved through eviction proceedings, while others, including the United Kingdom in the case of residential buildings since 2012, have created a specific criminal offense of squatting to allow police to remove occupants and pursue prosecution directly rather than requiring a property owner to bring a civil eviction claim.

Facts
Classification Code
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, section 144 (England and Wales, residential buildings only) 1
Typical Penalty
Up to a 5,000 pound fine, six months imprisonment, or both, under section 144 in England and Wales 1
Jurisdiction Variation
Section 144 applies only to residential buildings in England and Wales, non-residential squatting stays a civil trespass matter 1
Classification
Offense Grade
Minor or Summary Offense 1
Connections

Has Offense Grade

Entity-backed identity for the offense-grade enum value this offense already carries, resolved to a crime concept by an explicit value-to-entity map (phase 3 bucket conversion, docs\design_entity_backed_browse_buckets_20260928.md). The offense-grade fact itself stays on the offense unchanged.

Sources
1. Squatting in England and Wales (Wikipedia)
  • Criminalization section, section 144 offense description
    the new offence will be committed where a person is in a residential building as a
  • Criminalization section, section 144 penalty clause
    subject to a fine of 5,000 pounds, 6 months in prison, or both
  • Introduction section
    Within this constrictive legal framework, squatting in the 21st century, tends to involve protest actions or pop-up venues in non-residential property where trespass remains a largely civil matter.
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