Crime and Justice Atlas

How Justice Is Served
Criminology Theories and Schools

Environmental Criminology

Also Known As Crime Pattern Theory

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An approach focused on criminal patterns within particular built environments and how those external variables shape offenders' cognitive behavior, developed by Paul J. and Patricia L. Brantingham. Its central formulation, crime pattern theory, holds that crime is not random but follows offenders' everyday movement between the nodes and paths of their awareness space, formalized around 1993.

Facts
Core ClaimSourced to the subject's own account
Crime is not random; it follows the intersection of an offender's routine, awareness space and target opportunity, so mapping where offenders live, work and travel predicts and helps prevent where crime concentrates. 1
Origin Year
1993 1
Sourced to the subject's own account1993 marks the Brantinghams' formal statement of crime pattern theory; the broader term environmental criminology was coined earlier, by C. Ray Jeffery in 1971.
Standing CritiqueSourced to the subject's own account
As a branch of situational crime prevention, the approach is criticized by advocates of social crime prevention as doing little to help individuals prone to committing crime, and for focusing on individual events rather than the social groups and conditions that produce them. 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Developed By

Informed By

Crime pattern theory assumes offenders exercise a bounded, opportunistic rationality in choosing targets encountered along their everyday routines.

Both approaches explain crime through the convergence of offender, target and setting rather than offender pathology alone.

Sources
1. Wikipedia: Crime Pattern Theory
Lead section
Quote, Lead section
Crime pattern theory is a way of explaining why people commit crimes in certain areas. Crime is not random, it is either planned or opportunistic.
View the Source
1. Wikipedia: Crime Pattern Theory
Criticisms section
Quote, Criticisms section
This perspective is criticized by social crime prevention for being 'anti-social' because it does little to help individuals prone to committing crime.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Environmental Criminology
Opening section
Quote, Opening section
Environmental criminology focuses on criminal patterns within particular built environments and analyzes the impacts of these external variables on people's cognitive behavior.
View the Source
Simon Fraser University School of Criminology: Our People
Developed By: Paul J. Brantingham, Our People pageView the Source
Simon Fraser University School of Criminology: Our People
Developed By: Patricia L. Brantingham, Our People pageView the Source
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