A preventive approach first outlined in a 1976 British Home Office report and developed by Ronald V. Clarke, holding that crime is best reduced by changing the immediate situation rather than the offender: increasing the effort and risk a specific crime requires, and reducing its rewards, provocations and excuses.
Facts
Core ClaimSourced to the subject's own accountReducing the opportunities for a specific kind of crime, by raising its effort and risk and lowering its reward, reduces that crime without requiring any change in offenders. 1 Origin YearSourced to the subject's own accountThe year of the British Home Office report that first outlined the approach. Standing CritiqueSourced to the subject's own accountThe main criticism is displacement: measures that prevent crime in one specific situation may simply cause it to move elsewhere rather than genuinely reducing it. 2 Cross-Tradition Connections
Developed By
Informed By
Its opportunity-reduction logic assumes offenders weigh effort, risk and reward.
It targets the opportunity element of the offender, target and guardian convergence.
Sources
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